Fuentes de Onoro -
Wellington's Liberation of Portugal by René Chartrand & Patrice
Courcelle
In October 1810 the Allied position in Portugal appeared precarious.
Despite defeating Marshal Massena's French army at Bussaco, Wellington had
been forced to retreat to within a few miles of Lisbon. Here the French
encountered a massive line of fortifications stretching from the River
Tagus to the sea. Built amid great secrecy and on Wellington's specific
orders, these Lines of Torres Vedras were the French high-water mark. In
February with his army on the point of starvation, Massena was forced to
retreat an the scene was set for the climactic action of Fuentes de Onoro.
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